E.+Fascism+&+Monarchy(Persuasive+Research+Essay)

Fascism & Monarchy

The Best Case

Injustice, corruption, greed, and a certain degree of madness, this is the state of our society and our government worldwide. The best solution to solve these problems is to live in a society that recognizes value of liberty, yet respects the power of tradition. Fascism and Monarchy together is the best possible solution to these problems in society and in government both have their own form of patriotism.

One institution that has traditionally been associated with the political right is monarchy. This is especially true in Europe and Asia, less so in America though even in the New World it was true in formerly monarchist nations like Haiti, Mexico and Brazil. Much of our modern political classifications stem from the era of the French Revolution in which the liberals wanted a republic and the conservatives wanted to restore the Bourbon king. In Great Britain it was the liberals (formerly Whigs) who opposed the monarchy and the conservatives (or Tories) who supported it. In Germany it was the left that wanted a socialist republic and the right who supported the Kaiser, in Russia it was the left that bore the Bolsheviks and the right that hailed the Tsar. So, how did fascists, corporatists and Nazis relate to monarchy? Where do these groups stand today on this age old political issue? (Xtreme Right Corporate) The support of most fascist groups for militant nationalism plays an important part in this question since monarchs have for so long tried to be the nation personified. This does not exactly apply in every case since, in the old Empire of Austria, there were many nations united under one crown and it was nationalism that tore Austria-Hungary apart at the end of World War I. However, it is certainly true in the case of the nation states that rose up in the nineteenth century such as Germany and Italy and especially in Japan. (Xtreme Right Corporate) In Fascist Italy the situation was much different regarding the monarchy since, unlike Germany, Italy still had one when the Fascist National Party began its rise to power. King Victor Emmanuel III could have stopped the March on Rome but chose not to. Post war critics accused the King of being in sympathy with the Fascists but in reality that is far too simple an explanation. The King was wary of the Fascists but was more afraid of a civil war if he took action against them and it was conveniently forgotten by the end of World War II just how widely popular the Fascists were at the beginning. The Savoy dynasty were also a rather liberal royal family and had taken the British monarchy as their role model since the time of Italian unification. The King very much believed that it was not his business to get involved in politics but to reign while others ruled. That also helped dissuade him from taking action and so long as it was Mussolini who ruled it did not really bother the Duce whether the King reigned or not and even after taking power he allowed the King to remain on the throne. (Xtreme Right Corporate)

Mussolini portrayed his new fascist Italy as the Roman Empire reborn. He used the King Victor Emmanuel monument to full effect for his public displays and when Italian troops overran Albania the government declared the King of Italy the King of Albania as well. In Africa the Italians already controlled Libya, Eritrea and most of Somalia and when the Italians conquered Abyssinia King Victor Emmanuel was declared Emperor of Ethiopia. The new Roman Empire had to have an emperor after all. Mussolini envisioned a revitalized Italy that would dominate the Mediterranean and after the defeat of France he gained French territory along the northern and western borders as well as taking Corsica, Sardinia, Tunisia and Djibouti. In Africa Mussolini intended to conquer the British possessions of British Somalia, the Sudan and Egypt but although the Italians succeeded in mastering the African horn for a time their attacks on Egypt failed miserably as did their attempt at a swift conquest of Greece. It is also a little known fact that in the Italian dominated Hellenic State (conquered Greece) King George II was still recognized as the nominal monarch. When Axis forces conquered Yugoslavia the Independent State of Croatia was established and the Italian Duke of Spoleto was brought in to become the new King of Croatia. Thus the Fascists areas of influence certainly had a monarchist style to them, however, none survived the war. (Xtreme Right Corporate) The situation in the East European Axis countries was somewhat more complicated. In Bulgaria, a German ally during World War I, there was a mostly pro-Nazi government in power but the monarch, King Boris III, joined the Axis reluctantly. He did not cooperate with Nazi anti-Semitic policies and refused to participate in the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans were quite disgusted with this attitude. Even before the alliance they had given Bulgaria back territory they had lost to the Allies in World War I and it seemed to the Nazis that the Bulgarians wanted to share the spoils without helping shoulder the burden. In any event King Boris III died mysteriously just after a meeting with Hitler in 1943, probably from a long standing heart ailment but amid accusations from one side that he had been poisoned by the Nazis and accusations that the communists had done the deed to weaken the monarchy from the other. The boy king Simeon II then came to the throne and was ruled for by regents until the Soviets declared war on Bulgaria and overthrew the young king in a communist coup. (Xtreme Right Corporate) In Romania the dictator throughout most of the war was General Ion Antonescu who favored the German side but was also opposed by the fascist Iron Guard. The Iron Guard, formerly the Legion of the Archangel Michael, had come under royal attack during the dictatorship of King Carol II. They later revived once he was gone in an alliance with Ion Antonescu but the general ultimately ordered Hitler to choose between them and Hitler chose Antonescu. The Guard attempted a coup and were suppressed by Antonescu and the Germans. The Romanian kingdom under Antonescu then seemed a loyal Axis partner but in 1944 the young monarch of Romania, King Michael, led a royal coup against Antonescu and took Romania out of the Axis and into the Allied camp. The Soviets forced the King to sign away a great deal of Romanian territory the Germans had given them and after the war the Soviets forced the King off the throne and took over his country anyway. So, aside from the moral status of being on the winning team at the end, it would be hard to say that the Romanian monarchy or Romania in general profited much from leaving the Axis camp. (Xtreme Right Corporate)

In the Far East, monarchy played a much bigger role since the Emperor of Japan was regarded as the heart and soul of the nation. State Shinto was the official religion of the country and this placed a great deal of emphasis on the Emperor as the descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu. The Japanese were thus the most openly monarchist of all the Axis powers and showed favor to the imperial system throughout their campaigns in World War II. Long before the war when the Japanese had taken over Korea they did not depose the Korean royal family exactly but simply absorbed them into the Japanese aristocratic system. After the last Emperor of China was driven from his palace in 1924 the Japanese were quick to establish friendly relations with him as they did with the Mongol aspirant Prince Demchugdongrub and other Asian nationalists like the pretender to the Vietnamese throne Prince Cuong De. When the Japanese occupied Manchuria and set up the independent country of Manchukuo they turned to the last Emperor of China, Henry PuYi, a Manchu, as the legitimate figure to lead it. He was rather annoyed that it was not a full restoration of the Great Qing Empire and he was rather disgusted at having to serve as Chief Executive of the State of Manchukuo before becoming Emperor Kang De of the Empire of Manchukuo but in the end he went along with these things as being the only way possible to restore his ancestral dignity. (Xtreme Right Corporate) In some areas of conquest by the Japanese there was simply no royal claimant available such as in the Philippines, Han China or Burma but wherever possible the Japanese preferred to work within a monarchist government in their overall campaign to stress the superiority of the imperial system. The beginnings of a monarchy were set up in Inner Mongolia under Prince Demchugdongrub with the intention of eventually expanding it to cover all ethnically Mongol lands. In Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam the native royal families were restored to at least nominal power once the Japanese occupiers induced them to declare independence from France. This was especially significant in Vietnam as this was the first time since the start of the French colonial era that the country had been united. Emperor Bao Dai, whom the French had referred to as the King of Annam, was installed as monarch of the Empire of Viet Nam. Some were upset that Prince Cuong De had not been placed on the throne but the Japanese thought it safer to stick with the royal line already in place and having Cuong De on hand as a potential replacement may have made Bao Dai more pliable. (Xtreme Right Corporate) The Japanese also made an alliance with the Kingdom of Thailand, though the King was very young and not even in the country during the time, where their style of divine Hindu Buddhist kingship seemed a natural ally to the Japanese way of thinking. It was though entirely through the efforts of the prime minister (and effectively dictator) Field Marshal Pibun Songkhram that the alliance with Japan occurred. Thailand regained territory previously lost to British Burma and French Indochina, but although the King was always venerated in the traditional Thai way, he was uninvolved in the war and the Queen mother and the prime minister secretly supported the resistance in favor of the Allied side against the Japanese. This was somewhat similar to the situation in the Kingdom of Laos wherein the King, Sisavang Vong, and his son actually sided with their colonial masters (the French Republic) against the Emperor of Japan who had ostensibly come to liberate fellow Asians from European rule. Nonetheless, the Japanese continued to maintain the monarchy in Laos though they kept a tight hold on the Francophile king. Local princes in Malaysia and Indonesia were also utilized by the Japanese whenever possible but they were not as united and organized as in other areas. (Xtreme Right Corporate) All in all, of the 25 nations that were members of the Axis, allied to them or fought with them against a common enemy (like Iraq), 18 of them were real or nominal monarchies. That does not include countries like Denmark or Belgium which were occupied by the Germans but left their monarchs on the throne. Similarly, in neutral countries that were considered fascist to outsiders there were close ties to the respective monarchies. In Portugal Prime Minister Salazar was favorably inclined toward a restoration of the monarchy but felt the time was not right. In Spain the monarchists, especially the conservative Carlists, were a major part of the nationalist coalition and General Franco chose the Bourbon prince Juan Carlos to succeed him as king after his death. The Vichy regime in France had a great deal of support from French monarchists, particularly among those who were followers of Charles Maurras who was a monarchist with a very nationalist and anti-Semitic reputation. (Xtreme Right Corporate) What can be gathered from all of this is that (shock of shocks) not all of our assumptions about World War II are correct. Even though Hitler despised monarchs his two major partners in the war (Italy and Japan) were both monarchies as were numerous other Axis powers. We often think of World War I as the last great hurrah of the world of kings, queens and emperors yet World War II seems to have had plenty of them. They did not all hold actual power in their countries but neither did those in World War I. Most, or rather all, neo-Nazi groups today abhor the idea of monarchy and even the fascists (who have often let themselves become simply Nazi-light) would never consider the institution seriously. Yet, the fact remains that, given the evidence above, the world just might have been a much more royalist place if the Axis rather than the Allies had won World War II. (Xtreme Right Corporate)

Fascism is a right-wing nationalist ideology or movement with a totalitarian and hierarchical structure <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">that is fundamentally opposed to democracy and liberalism. <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Genuinely fascist ideologies are: monist, that is to say, based upon the notion that there are fundamental and basic truths about humanity and the environment which do not admit to question; simplistic, in the sense of ascribing complex phenomena to single causes and advancing single remedies; fundamentalist, that is, involving a division of the world into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ with nothing in between; and conspiratorial, that is, predicated on the existence of a secret world-wide conspiracy by a hostile group seeking to manipulate the masses to achieve and/or maintain a dominant position. (Taylor)

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">In content, these ideologies are distinguished by five main components. (1) Extreme nationalism, the belief that there is a clearly defined nation which has its own distinctive characteristics, culture, and interests, and which is superior to others. (2) An assertion of national decline—that at some point in the mythical past the nation was great, with harmonious social and political relationships, and dominant over others, and that subsequently it has disintegrated, become internally fractious and divided, and subordinate to lesser nations. (3) This process of national decline is often linked to a diminution of the racial purity of the nation. In some movements the nation is regarded as co-extensive with the race (the nation race), while in others, hierarchies of races are defined generically with nations located within them (the race nation); in virtually all cases, the view is taken that the introduction of impurities has weakened the nation and been responsible for its plight. (4) The blame for national decline and/or racial miscegenation is laid at the door of a conspiracy on the part of other nations/races seen as competing in a desperate struggle for dominance. (5) In that struggle, both capitalism and its political form, liberal democracy, are seen as mere divisive devices designed to fragment the nation and subordinate it further in the world order. (Taylor)

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">With regard to prescriptive content, the first priority is the reconstitution of the nation as an entity by restoring its purity. The second is to restore national dominance by reorganizing the polity, the economy, and society. Means to this end include variously: (1) the institution of an authoritarian and anti-liberal state dominated by a single party; (2) total control by the latter over political aggregation, communication, and socialization; (3) direction by the state of labour and consumption to create a productionist and self-sufficient economy; and (4) a charismatic leader embodying the ‘real’ interests of the nation and energizing the masses. With these priorities fulfilled, the nation would then be in a position to recapture its dominance, if necessary by military means. (Taylor)

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">Among the 10 richest countries of the world, 7 are monarchies." The "per capita income of the 45 monarchies [throughout the world] average $17,000, to compare with the [the rest of the world who] average $7,200 world per capital income. (Morin) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">The 2007 Corruption Perception Index (CPI) researched by Transparency International shows that constitutional monarchies dominate the top 25 least corrupt nations on earth. Not only is crime lower in constitutional monarchies, but recent studies also demonstrate that constitutional monarchies generally do better in global competitiveness, economic freedom, human development, life expectancy and the general perception of personal happiness. Republics are generally far much worst in every area. Constitutional monarchy is a superior form of government that can be a blessing to all nations. "In fact, constitutional monarchies lead the world for peace, order, good government, prosperity, safety, peace of mind, longevity, wealth, and the good life." (Quote from article---last reference below) What could be greater! Monarchy really does have much to offermuch more than most forms. No wonder this kind of mixed government has been recommended by the best minds and the most respected philosophers and scholars of all timePlato, Aristotle, Tacitus, Polybius and Cicero to name just a few. (Morin) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">Monarchs, by their very nature, are more patriotic than either Prime Ministers or Presidents. They hold great affection for their respective countries: a Prime Minister or President may be at the same post in other countries but Monarchs never have this conflict of interest. So, fundamentally, it is in the interest of any monarch to work towards greater patriotism. Every monarch makes a considerable contribution in the building of his or her nation. One who contributes or invests in anything has more affection for the result - and thus Monarchs love their countries. So Monarchy serves the interest of patriotism far better than a Republican system. (Lee) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">World history proves that the civilization of any country is built by the monarchy; It is difficult to imagine civilization growing in India without the influence of Mughal Emperors Ashok and Akbar. Whether the Great Wall of China or the Pyramids of Egypt, Monarchy builds great things. There is no civilization living today which did not originate in the work and effort of Monarchy. Thus, Monarchy is a force for civilization. (Lee) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">Conversely, Republics are founded upon destruction. They are established following the deaths of thousands of people. The destruction of Monarchy in Cambodia resulted in the death of 1.7 million people. The existing unrest in Iran, Iraq, Serbia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, throughout much of Europe and the near entirety of the African Continent is due to the destruction of monarchy. (Morin) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">Monarchs are generally born to be Monarchs. They are born in the palace, which becomes both a home and a school. They are trained for good governance, taught to be polite, calm, patient, obedient and helpful and hence a healthy lifestyle is established. Eventually a monarch becomes mature enough to rule the nation, even at a young age. (Lee) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">By contrast, Prime Ministers and Presidents start their political activities from a certain age, and end their careers while still learning. Thus, a Monarch is more qualified than a Prime Minister or a President and hence Monarchy is a far better system in terms of experience. (Morin) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">If a monarch is in power, decisions concerning the response or reaction to a crisis are quickly determined without any delay from legislative or external governing bodies. But in a Democracy or a Republic, each and every issue goes through a process which cannot be implemented quickly. (Morin) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva Cyr,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;"><span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">Presidents and Prime Ministers come to power after expensive and difficult elections, and are accountable to the voters. They have many commitments to the voters who bring them to power. Thus, an elected official must satisfy a populist ‘<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">mob rule ’<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">. But a monarch is not accountable to lobby groups, political parties or institutions. Neither have the gained the position with the help of individuals. Monarchs are above the influence of any group or party. They are free, and every citizen is equal in their eyes. Their hands are not tied by political debts or appeals to popularity, thus a monarchy is better than a Republic regarding impartiality. (Lee) <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">A President or Prime Minister may be corrupt. They are approved by a particular group and thus have a commitment to please them. Next, they have to take part in the election process. When resources are not sufficient to fulfill their requirements, politicians become corrupt and may also become involved in organized crime. But a monarch has no such obligation or political debt, and hence is beyond corruption. (Lee)

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">Now that the true meaning of Fascism has been told, one is able to understand why a monarch is needed, as to maintain a set of traditions, unite the nation under both an elder of mind, **and** blood; and so as was discussed above, fascism’s goal is to create an “Empire of the Race”, but one cannot truly have an Empire without a legitimate Monarch. <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.17in;">For those, who opposed the crowned system of government, consider this; what republic-democracy is truly successful today? Because it is only when the people of a nation turn of fascism and monarchy, when they realize that this was, and is still the only hope for the true survival of their nation.

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; font-size: 16pt;">Fascism and Monarchy together is the best possible solution to these problems in society and in government both have their own form of patriotism.

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">//__**Let The Old Flags Fly!**__//

“<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">Briefly, the Benefits of Constitutional Monarchy." The International Commission on Nobility and Royalty. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011. [|__http://www.nobility-royalty.com/id81.htm__]<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">.

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">//Journal of the American Political Science Association//. ( [|__home1.gte.net/eskandar/monarchies.html__] <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; font-style: normal;">__)__ __**(**__ <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">Richard Morin <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; font-style: normal;">__**)**__  <span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">//The Washington Post//, August 22, 1999, p. B05:  __morinr@washpost.com__<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; font-style: normal;">__)__

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">"fascism: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki Q&A combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011. [|__http://www.answers.com/topic/fascism#ixzz1ACl1VGlM__]<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive;">. Portion retrieved from Oxford Dictionary of Politics (Stan Taylor)

<span style="font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">sites.google.com/site/monarchyrevival/advantages-of-monarchy (Lee)

[|__http://xtremerightcorporate.blogspot.com/2010/07/fascism-and-monarchy.html__]<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Monotype Corsiva,cursive; text-decoration: none;">(Xtreme Right Corporate)